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  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention is based on a double sludge separator: one for BDT water (1) and a pre-faecal material (2). In the latter, the toilet water (4) is led after the separation of the faeces (3) to the sludge separator for BDT water (1) via a 100 liter closed vessel (5) with saturated calcium hydroxide with pH = 12 - primarily a commercially available pelleted material coated with calcium hydroxide (Filter-P). In the vessel, the phosphorus falls to calcium phosphate, from which phosphorus is released at the more acidic pH values prevailing in the arable land. Possibly pathogenic microorganisms are eliminated partly by the 8-month passage time in the faecal sludge separator (2) and the 20-day passage time in the vessel with saturated calcium hydroxide (5). Mixing can be counteracted if the vessel is designed as a small three-chamber well.
    公开号:SE1000903A1
    申请号:SE1000903
    申请日:2010-09-06
    公开日:2012-03-07
    发明作者:Mats Wolgast
    申请人:Mats Wolgast；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Although precipitation with saturated calcium hydroxide is an elegant method, the amount is about 300 g / m3, which with a water consumption of, for example, 200 kbm / year and household means 60 kg / year; this should be compared with the amount of only 1 kg required to drop the phosphorus a family emits. In the case of Filtra-P, as much as 1 m3 of the material is consumed per year, which is of course difficult to handle. Another problem is that the calcium hydroxide combines with the carbon dioxide in the air to form calcium carbonate, ie limestone, which clogs the pipe system. These two problems have also led to the abandonment of this in itself good method.
    Current technology for the treatment of faecal material Separation toilet with dry handling of the faecal material is the simplest, cheapest and most efficient method, but the reluctance to handle this material has meant that it is only used for summer cottages.
    The variant of Separation toilet, where the faecal material is also flushed out, has proved more attractive. In scattered settlements, faeces are led to sludge separators and infiltration, which, however, means that the faecal nutrients are lost. This applies in particular to phosphorus, which accounts for about 40% of the total phosphorus amount of toilet waste. Of course, these losses make this technology unacceptable.
    The other disadvantage of this procedure is that faecal material is responsible for the vast majority of any pathogenic bacteria and viruses and because the treated wastewater may not achieve the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's goal that outgoing water must be "approved for beach bathing".
    The above two problems have been known for 15 years, but so far they have not been resolved.
    However, they have tried systems where you use a cyclone to separate faeces from their rinsing water for further composting. However, the technology has shortcomings: 1) it is difficult to install in houses without basements 2) the cost is relatively high, 3) the user is forced to handle the faecal material which most people do not accept and 4) the leachate is heavily contaminated and requires further treatment .
    Another method has been used in projekt your projects in Australia with the current type of Separation toilet, where the faecal sludge is pumped kilometer your kilometers to a conventional treatment plant. The disadvantages are, of course, the high costs and the fact that phosphorus is precipitated into non-plant available aluminum sulphate and that the content of heavy metals and certain organic toxins such as dioxins is troublesome. However, systems allow the BDT water to be used for certain household uses as well. which is the most important thing in this country, for irrigation. A more efficient faecal sludge management system is thus a crucial advantage. The USA is also relevant, especially California, where legislation is now being passed on water-efficient technology, but here adaptation to the type of provisions that apply here is required.
    Objective The objective is now to apply a system with 1) almost complete recovery of phosphorus to a plant-accessible form such as calcium phosphate and 2) such effective elimination of any pathogenic viruses and bacteria that the purified water meets the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's requirements for a Water Quality approved for beach baths, so that it can be used for irrigation. Furthermore, the technology must be such 3) that the user does not have to deal with the infectious faecal material and of course 4) it should not involve any additional costs. The following systems meet these requirements.
    DESCRIPTION, SPECIAL PART The system is based on a double sludge separator: one for BDT water (1) and one for faecal material (2). In the latter, the faeces (3) are separated while the excess water is led (4) on to the sludge separator for BDT water (1) via a 100 liter vessel with saturated calcium hydroxide (5) - primarily a commercially available pelleted material coated with calcium hydroxide (Filtra- P). In the vessel, phosphorus is precipitated into calcium phosphate while eliminating any pathogenic microorganisms. It should be added that the sludge water is clean from visible particles.
    However, it is important that significant hygiene is also carried out in the sludge separator through the long passage time. For the type of separation toilet that has been developed, the flow of rinsing water is approx. 1/1, which with the intended sludge separator volume of l 200 liters gives a passage time of l 200/5 = 240 days or 8 months. This is longer than the approximately 6 months of storage that is generally considered to provide effective elimination of both bacteria and even the most resistant virus forms such as Polio, Echo and Coxsackie viruses, something that is also supported by own measurements. However, the mixture will interfere with the process, and in own measurements the content of E. Coli is around 105 bacteria / 100 ml. Although the water will be diluted in the sludge separator for BDT water, the value is still too high for the final purified water to achieve the water quality approved for beach baths.
    In the closed vessel with saturated calcium hydroxide, a pH of 12 gives an extremely effective elimination of pathogenic microorganisms within 3 days (own measurements) - to be compared with the passage time of 100 liters / 5 liters per day = 20 days. Practical measurements of this have not yet been made, but the content of pathogenic bacteria should approach zero. One problem is that the shortest passage time can be less than 3 days, a risk which can, however, be minimized by designing the vessel as a small three-chamber well.
    In order not to interfere with the microbial degradation during the final infiltration, the pH must be normalized. This is done by 1) that the fate of the BDT water fl is about 100 times as large and 2) by the buffering capacity of the BDT sludge. As for the latter, adding calcium hydroxide of <1 kg to the amount of BDT sludge that an average family produces gives an insignificant increase in pH and only when adding 5 kg does the pH rise up to 12. Since it takes only about 500 grams to raise 1.5 m3 of toilet water to pH 12, the water in the sludge separator will be kept neutral.
    From a maintenance point of view, the system is attractive, where users do not have to come into contact with infectious toilet waste - a factor that has proven to be very important. The only requirement is that the user orders collection of the urine solution and harvests the calcium phosphate once a year and orders sludge suction once every 2-3 years. As for the latter, one should use the technology where the water in the sludge returns to the sludge separator, ie so that as small amounts of phosphorus as possible are lost (even if the treatment plant itself precipitates phosphorus).
    From the treatment plant's point of view, the sludge is ideal for biogas production because the organic substance is balanced. The carbon / nitrogen ratio is thus around 20/1, which is favorable for wet or dry composting - to compare a ratio in combined toilet waste of 2/1.
    Economy The system is also economically attractive. The intended sludge separator in fiber concrete (which provides strong roads) is thus the same as that for combined wastewater. The vessel with Filtra-P involves additional costs, which is, however, compensated by the fact that the integration plant can be made smaller. The system thus includes no additional cost and the cost of sludge suction will also remain unchanged.
    Extensions If the bacterial content in outgoing water from the vessel with F iltra-P is acceptable, the water can be added to the collection well from, for example, a soil bed. Since the pH will now be in the range 9-10, the phosphorus of the BDT water also falls.
    BDT water The problem of the nutrient salts of BDT water (corresponding to 10% of them in combined wastewater) is not addressed here. However, the fact that outgoing water reaches the quality approved for beach baths enables irrigation of a local mini-energy forest of about 30 m3. Of course, uptake takes place only during the growing season, but as nutrients, especially phosphorus, are largely fixed in the soil, the irrigation season covers most of the year.
    Technical height The device described here has hardly any technical height; it is based on long-known technology. However, the arrangement solves a crucial problem for the type of separation toilet where both urine and faeces are flushed out. Previous solutions have not all been acceptable except in some special cases. One might have to compare the system with the active / sludge process, which is considerably more advanced from both a technical and biochemical point of view and is therefore covered by fl your patents. But the current system solves a crucial problem concerning the separation toilet system, a technology that is superior both in terms of economy, elimination of pathogens and recycling of nutrients. The effective hygiene also paves the way for a wider use of artificial irrigation of dry soils. The technique may be simple, but the combination gives the desired result.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The upper part of the figure shows the arrangement with a double sludge separator, one for BDT water (left) and one for the faecal fraction (right), where the excess water after separation of faecal material is passed on to the sludge separator for BDT water via a vessel of about 100 liters containing saturated calcium hydroxide in pellet form for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and the precipitation of faecal phosphorus into plant-accessible calcium phosphate. The lower part of the figure shows the faecal sludge separator in cross section.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. l. After sludge separation of the solid material (3) in its sludge separator (2), the excess water is led (4) to the sludge separator for BDT water (1) via an approximately 100 liter large, closed vessel (5) containing saturated calcium hydroxide with pH = 12 for precipitation of faecal phosphorus into plant-available calcium phosphate and elimination of gastrointestinal pathogens. In the sludge separator for BDT water (1), the pH of the water will be normalized both due to the dilution and the buffering by the organic substances of the BDT sludge,
    [2]
    Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the excess water is instead led (4) to a collection well for the purified water from, for example, a bed of soil, where the current pH amounts to 9-10, which is sufficient for precipitation of phosphorus,
    [3]
    Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the excess water (4) is instead infiltrated into soil
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE535041C2|2012-03-20|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2019-04-30| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1000903A|SE535041C2|2010-09-06|2010-09-06|Device for the recovery of phosphorus and elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in faecal material|SE1000903A| SE535041C2|2010-09-06|2010-09-06|Device for the recovery of phosphorus and elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in faecal material|
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